You should feed the fish a variety of dry, frozen (but defrosted), and live foods to optimise their growth. You can use frozen bloodworms, brineshrimp, daphnia, prawn/ shrimp, fish.
You can use live aphids, small flies, mosquitos and mozzie larvae, daphnia, brineshrimp, weevil larvae, ants. Just make sure they are free of chemicals and pesticides.
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You want to do a bigger water changes when growing fish. I change about 75% of the tank water each day in my rearing tanks. If you only have a few fish in the tank you can do a big water change a couple of times a week.
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You should have a thin layer of sand or gravel on the bottom of any aquarium with fish so the fish can't see their reflection in the bottom, and so they know there is a bottom. It helps with their orientation, so they know which way is up and down.
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You want the temperature between 26-30C (79-86F) to grow tropical fish quickly. The optimum temperature for growing most tropical species is 28C (82F).
If you don't have an accurate thermometer, go to the pet shop and get a new one. Check a number of them at the shop and get one that has the same temperature as the others. Sometimes they are faulty at the shop and have a different reading to most of the others.