There's more to this. I live in basically the same climate area as JuiceBox52. Considering this question solely on the basis of the plant species we could collect here, they probably would not survive in a tropical aquarium. Temperate zone plants in this area "expect" (= need) a vegetative rest period that is our winter. Placed in a permanent tropical environment, they tend to not live long. I have tried this many years ago.
Second point...pathogens vary throughout the world, and those inhabiting tropical waters in the Amazon are different from those inhabiting temperate waters. The fish from each area build up a resistance, or a means of dealing with, the bacteria and pathogens they have to live with; this means it is possible to introduce some pathogen with the plants that could be detrimental (perhaps deadly) to the fish in the tank.
Along the same lines as the above, there are natural "nasties" in any ecosystem that can hitch a ride on plants, and in the confines of an aquarium could turn deadly. I'm not thinking solely of critters here, but bacteria. Ducks for example can defecate bacteria in a pond that is seriously harmful to many other creatures.
As for quarantining, none of what I have mentioned would be dealt with adequately, if at all. And any chemical substance strong enough to kill some of these pathogens would inevitably kill the plants.