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Predators and parasites?

GaryE

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It's common hobby knowledge that bringing things into tanks from outdoors is hazardous. But is it true?

Yesterday I was kayaking along, collecting plants and driftwood for my tanks. It has overnighted in an unused aquarium, and today I'll rinse it to use it in tanks. I live in a populated region that is lousy for farming - it has not very rich rocky soil, and a lot of naturally occurring pine trees (as well as planted forestry monocultures of pines). There are few fertilizer dumps hitting the water, and few cows pooping along the riverbanks. In late summer, my favourite paddling river does get polluted from human activity (some agriculture and lawn ferts), in that there is algae and greenish water in August.

Collecting aquatic plants isn't illegal here.

So here's my question. What predators, parasites and diseases have people actually added to their tanks by wild collecting wood, plants, gravels and especially live food? I've done this for 25 years. Once or twice, I introduced tiny dragon fly larvae that grew fast but didn't catch any of my fish before I saw and removed them. Hydra? Yeah, I have introduced 3 species I could identify - green, tall and short. They were a problem, but more a nuisance. Pest snails? Yes. LIke hydra, they got in before I started using outdoor supplies. Diseases? None.

I culture bug outdoors all summer, aiming for Daphnia but thanks to the neighbour's cat knocking the screens off the tubs, sometimes mosquito larvae and other bugs. The fish eat them all. None have been trouble. The only problem I've created doing this has been hydra introduction occasionally. The species I now have photosynthesizes and isn't big enough to harm fry. It's just ugly on the glass.

So what has REALLY gone wrong for people who collected their own rocks, wood and live foods? Is this just hobby lore? Give me examples of what you've experienced.

Like in everything in this hobby, knowledge is survival. You can test rocks or use a field guide. You can identify hardwoods and avoid resinous pines. I used to admire the twisty driftwood in local stores, but thought it was too expensive. I met the supplier a few years ago. He was an avid sports fisherman and had taken to collecting nice pieces of weathered driftwood when he was out in his boat. He'd gather up hundreds of pieces in sight of a city of 3 million, downstream from the Great Lakes. Some of the pieces came from at the end of my street. He'd sun bleach them all summer, stick slate to weight them down and sell them in the Fall to all the local stores. Hobbyists would tell me they wouldn't collect from nature because it was unsafe, then spend $30 on a piece from the river beside the place where we were talking...
 
it’s something I’ve always worried about ( historical hobby warnings ) we had a local Cabelas, with the big aquariums, when they 1st set up their tanks, the fish looked great to start with, but horrible within a couple months… the tanks were all natural looking, but all the logs and such were man made… the problem was, they sell bait fish, and were feeding them to the fish in their tanks… concentration levels went up, and most of the fish got so ugly, they had to catch them out ( too ugly for the public to witness ) I would suspect adding wild, to a contained environment, would have similar risks to feeding bait fish to aquarium predator fish… it’s highly not recommended… but I suspect we run the same risks feeding a lot of live foods… in the past I’ve tried really hard not to add anything to my tanks from another aquatic source… wood I have added either came from the terrestrial woods, or I boil, or bake anything in an attempt to sterilize… and to date, I have never added wild live aquatic plants…
 
I can’t provide a list of specific pathogens (bacterial, viral, or parasitic), but putting something from another part of the world (local log or plant) into a tropical enclosed environment) that is not thoroughly sterilized is (imho) asking for trouble. It would be something like what happened when the Europeans brought disease to the Native Americans and Mayan Indians years ago.

One of the main reasons I got out of discus was for a similar reason. It seems that mixing discus from different parts of the world or even different breeders was problematic in that a discus from origin A would get ill from the pathogens discus B brought to it in the same tank…..or visa versa. I ended up refusing to replace and pay big bucks for fish that seemed too touchy in this way and got out of discus. Interestingly, the same discus fishes I had in one tank wo having any new added fish to it lived fine for years while my other discus tanks would occasionally get a new fish or two added to it and weeks/months later, fish appearing perfectly healthy just up and died or they’d just gradually waste away until passing. Good reads about this are at a site I used to belong to……SimplyDiscus.
 
Interestingly, in a macabre way - I have had disasters if I added farm raised fish to tanks with wild caughts. I never had disease transfer from wild (African or South American) to farmed - it's always run the other way. I used to keep exclusively wild caught or home bred species from other hobbyists. The home bred fish were no problem with wilds.
But add Singapore, Thai, Indonesian raised fish, and bad things happened fast. There was a classic first contact disaster, with the massive fish farms in the role of the pestilent European cities.
I'd never mix temperate wild caughts with tropicals. I keep no native to here fish species.
I keep some farm raised here as the local stores only sell them - they proudly advertise Singapore fish. There are few hobby breeders here, except for corys.

Plants and wood though...I have heard and read a lot of caution, but as I've been a bit relaxed on that, I have never had problems with disease. I would catch Daphnia in a vernal pond several acres large, in an urban woods near my old house, and the ponds provided first rate food. I culture it now because my sandy environment makes for short lived ponds, but again, no epidemics or unexplained deaths over decades.
Yesterday's plant harvest is being quarantined in fishless tanks to see if anything swims out. I'm increasingly convinced I have until the summer solstice to harvest. I think that's a cut off. I'm not a druid - I think as the day shortens, the plant's have a kill switch that kicks in for the Fall. Get them before that while the sun period is still expanding and they seem to do okay year round, assuming I don't kill them as I've been known to do to all plants.
 
Interesting topic . In the naivety of youth I tried local aquatic plants I collected from a creek but they soon withered and I never tried again . I caught a minnow once and tried to keep him with the same result . My failure was due to youthful ignorance and my interests turned to regular tropical aquarium fish and I never tried again . I don’t know but I think that disease would be very low on the list of concerns and dangers . Nature weeds out the weak and sick mercilessly . The biggest concern for me would be predators . I bought some Hornwort from my local pet shop in December 2024 and it came in with hydra , pond snails and , much to my great surprise , a leech . That bunch most certainly came from outdoors and I think representative of what a guy could expect from a wild collection . You need a State of Montana fishing license to collect ANY fish here even bait minnows so I’m not going to pay $50 bucks just to catch a minnow . Interesting what Gary said about the driftwood and its origin . I never ever stopped to think that somebody was doing that but it sure makes sense . The stuff has to come from somewhere and I don’t think anybody travels to pristine exotic locations to bring back things for the pet trade . That little story opened my eyes . And about the hydra - I thought I had eradicated them but after a very long time without them they reappeared once I started feeding BBS again . That surprised me . I thin the Hornwort constantly and have no substrate in that aquarium so where were they hibernating ? Once I started getting Nothobranchius and F. gardneri fry and began feeding BBS and dumping the excess BBS in the Endlers aquarium the hydra came back . I’m not going to stress about them anymore . They are as Gary said just a nuisance and look unsightly on the glass .
 
Throughout about 40 years of keeping fish (not as intensely as some in this group) I have only had very minor issues with using naturally sourced, gravel, sand, rocks, wood, or plants. The biggest issue is once I had some locally source gravel that was based on shale that essentially was slowly releasing clay minerals into the water and the water would never clear (fish didn't mind).

Additionally, I have also used some of the verboten woods such as pines (Lodgepole, Ponderosa, White), Cedars (Red and Yellow), Firs (True firs Abies, Douglas) without any issue. My current setup has a cedar stump in it. In regards to the wood, I only collect dead wood that has been dead for a while, ideally I like to use wood that has been already partially leached, either by exposure to water or in the sun, in both cases the wood has time to de-gas the volatile compounds that may cause an issue. On the other hand I wouldn't put either cottonwood or aspen into my tank because I feel they might just rot away.

For the rocks and substrates, I now look for anything without carbonates, but that is only because I now keep soft water fish. I do tend to avoid sedimentary rocks and never ever any evaporates. I will mention that I did have a minor issue with pH climbing because my gravel though mostly based on gneiss did have a small percentage of limestone from an outcrop just a bit upstream of the collection site. I was surprised how much a nearly unobservable amount of limestone could push the pH up.

I used to always treat any outside items with a thorough cleaning followed by bleach dip or soak, but I have been easing off of bleach due to my concern over using bleach excessively. Outside plants always get a dip, but then so do the ones I buy from the LFS.

In regards to pathogens or parasites I haven't ever encountered them from the stuff I collected. As mentioned in other posts the only time I got diseases in the tank is with the addition of new fish from a fish store.

I also feed my fish mosquito larva when available, but not much. Again no issues.

For me collecting material for use in the aquarium is part of the appeal of the keeping fish even if there is some risk I will still do it.
 

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