Your nitrifying bacteria reside in the filter media, not the water. Anything considered bad, such as disease carrying bacteria do reside in the water. Fresh water is the best preventative medicine there is, and probably the cheapest. I've done countless 100% water changes while moving tanks, setting up tanks that were empty, and so forth, with no problems. Fry tanks get 70% to 80% of the water changed daily for the first week or two. This results in fish growing like weeds, with few losses.
My tanks with larger fish get 50% to 75% once or twice weekly, depending on the stocking level. If water changes stressed fish they would all be sick, but they aren't. Many people deal with sick fish in a reactive manner; meds and such. If you are proactive, with plenty of fresh water this rarely happens.