Dechlorinators do neutralise chlorine as soon as they come in contact with the chlorine molecules. However, it can take time for the dechlorinator to come into contact with all of the chlorine molecules in the water. Aerating the water and conditioner for at least 5 minutes (preferably 30 minutes) will help the dechlorinator come into contact with all of the chlorine in the water and neutralise it.
Chloramine is a mixture of chlorine and ammonia, and the above applies to it as well.
Chloramine is a mixture of chlorine and ammonia, and the above applies to it as well.