I have a daphnia culture going as an extra treat for my fish. It is running in a 10 gallon tank and I am feeding them a mix of dry powders. They get a blend of what I had on hand or could get fairly cheap when the culture got set up. It is a mix of soybean meal, brewer's yeast from a health food store, some spirulina flake that I crushed fine and some small amount of paprika. By feeding this twice a day, I am getting enough daphnia to use a brine shrimp net to get some out every day. It is not enough to feed any other tank completely but does give several of my fish tanks a weekly treat. I remove 30% of the water each week and strain out the daphnia in that water to also feed to the fish. When I do a water change on the culture, I use water from one of my tanks to make sure there is no chlorine in the new water. Daphnia are reputed to be very sensitive to chlorine so I just don't take the chance with them.
Edit: To Matt's question, I got my culture from another person and almost lost it trying to do the green water thing with a jar on a window sill. When I gave up on that and started artificial feeding them, the culture recovered from about 20 individuals to a culture that has several hundred individual adult daphnia. I run it with just an air stone so I must do water changes to keep the ammonia down. Even daphnia are a small bioload.