This should go onto the "10 commandments" of stickies !!! - YOU DO NOT NEED TO CHANGE MEDIA AS A MATTER OF COURSE ! lol
Manufacturers and a lot of fish shops would have you believe that you must change it as a matter of course, but that is absolutey incorrect....
BUT - it WILL need maintaining... this is ONLY to alleviate clogging, and usually involves nothing more than a swish about in a bucket of OLD tank water... not, and I repeat NOT tap water !
Foam elements may need a good squeezing to release the "gunk" but you cannot overdo it - so give it some welly ! lol
Carbon is a matter for debate, I wouldnt use it unless I want to remove medication from the tank, so in my opinion - if thats your only medium, I would swap it out... but this must be done gradually (or you cycle will need doing again) say, 10% a week or so...
Media will degenerate over time, foam will fall apart for example, but this can take years - I have an internal filter with the SAME foam in it for 20 years ! My external filters use ceramic media... which will last longer than me - barring mistakes ;-)
You have to appreciate that these folk are in business to MAKE MONEY.... so you cant really blame them for trying, but this advice causes more heartache and discouraged noobs if you ask me.
Let us know which filter you use, and Im sure youll get some suggestions for media to replace the carbon...