Hello AMS --
I'm not a fish physiologist, so I can't tell you exactly what the problems are with keeping mollies in freshwater. Indeed, in some cases, there are no problems at all. The issue is really that none of the commonly traded mollies are pure-bred species, so "what they need in the wild" has no bearing on the aquarium varieties. Most (not all) mollies have at least some genes from the brackish water species, and so most (but not all) mollies tend to best in brackish water.
I rescued a couple of mollies last year that I had to put into a soft, acid water aquarium for want of anywhere else for a short period (a few months). Within weeks, the mollies had developed skin fungus. Once moved to someone else's tank with hard, alkaline water they recovered, although both died a few months later, for reasons unknown to me. All I can say is that soft, acid water is probably a death sentence for mollies. In fact, none of the livebearers can be kept in soft, acid water (with only a few oddball exceptions like halfbeaks).
Even in hard, alkaline water you will tend to find that most mollies will be more disease-prone than specimens kept in brackish water. That mollies do so well in marine aquaria reinforces the agument that these are brackish water fish.
Typical of mollies kept in freshwater, and particularly soft and acid freshwater are:
- Fin rot
- Fungus
- Shimmies (a nerve/swimming problem)
Cheers,
Neale