to be honest, the 1" per gallon is pretty much rubbish....one 5" fish is going to produce much more waste than five 1" fish, right?
there is no exact guideline to the "number" of fish per liter/gallon....experienced fish keepers are able to stock their tanks more than new tank keepers due to tank maturity, filter, not to mention knowledge and a sense for maintenance.
for a 15 gallon tank I would suggest limiting yourself to about 3 types of fish that appeal to you - - you should stay away from all bottom dwelling fish such as corydoras, plecos, catfish etc, the "orb" shape does not give them any room to swim about - - also corydoras are schooling fish, meaning you would need to have atleast 4, preferably more than 6 for them to be happy...and considering most cory species grow to approx 3", a standard 15 gallon tank would be pretty much stocked. also, in a tank this size, you should be able to do the teeny algae maintenance yourself - - do not get a pleco or catfish to do the work for you! most of them get 6" + and the common pleco gets 18" - 24" I believe. yes, they all start off tiny - all fish in the pet stores are juveniles/babies....but trust me, they grow QUICKLY!
also, no goldfish, no matter how small it is when you buy it, will live happily in this tank - it is tiny because it is very very young - one goldfish should be in atleast a 20 gallon tank due to their waste production and sheer mass!
i suggest getting either 3 groups of tetras of 5 fish each (or better yet 2 schools of 6-8 fish each). tetras are simply gorgeous shoaling together, and their slim bodies and quick movements will give you a lovely ball of flashing colors
you could also look into getting one dwarf gourami - I am not an expert on these however so I will leave someone more experienced to lead you in the right direction about their proper care.
but before you start adding fish....I suggest you research "fish-less cycling" there are very helpful how-to articles in the beginners section. it takes patience, but in the end you will have happy and healthy fish, with minimal needless dying!