Only when fully grown. And it's more growth rate rather than growth size for the first few months. Must be to do with breeding of course but basically my theory is that males need to grow as fast as possible so they can compete for territories. But females just need to get to a breeding age/size... they don't need to particularly rush to it. (I'm speaking genetically obviously, not trying to imply the fish have a choice lol).
But yeah, having looked at the pictures I'd put money on the first one being male and the bottom one being female. I can annotate pics to explain why if you'd like?
It would also explain the behaviour. He'll be hassling her to breed and she'll not be interested cause she's still too small.