You ask two questions...
>>> Are any aquatic plants suitable for the aquarium?
The basic answer is, of course, yes,
You then ask...
>>> Would I be able to pull some out of the river and bring it home to my tank?
Thats where it gets more difficult. There are a host of biological and legal issues. If the plants are growing in water, lighting and substrate conditions that are compatible with your tank, they, and any "passengers" they bring may well survive in a tank. Who owns the plants now, you? Somebody might, they may regard your action as vandalism or theft.