If the water changes are what has gotten the ammonia back to near 0 then you may not have seen any nitrite (that is what ammonia becomes, then nitrite becomes nitrate). Have you tested your nitrate? If it is rising, then the process is taking place.
As far as the time required for nitrite to start to spike, you should begin seeing nitrite shortly after the ammonia starts to process.
As far as the time required for nitrite to start to spike, you should begin seeing nitrite shortly after the ammonia starts to process.