The T number of a light bulb relates to the size of the tube. T8s are 8 8th of a inch in diameter, T5s are 5 8th of an inch wide. In the old school days you used to be able to get T12s which were 12 8th of an inch wide. As Ian says, T5s produce a more intense light and produce more light for a given length (i.e a 22" T5 tube is 24w, whereas you need a 30" T8 tube to get 25w). Im told the light penetrates into the tank better with T5s, so good for deep tanks.
T5s are more expensive though.
Sam