As others have already said, the lack of a venturi on the discharge of your filter is not affecting the ability of the filter to become cycled.
In general terms, a venturi is a place in a flow path where the pipe gets narrower and then gets wider again. If you connect something to the side at the narrow spot, the higher flow rate in that area creates a slight pressure drop that can suck in whatever is connected to the side. Filter manufacturers use this concept to bring in some air from the tank surface by connecting a piece of tube to the side of a venturi and placing the other end of the tube above the water level. In practice, most filter venturis look like a little piece of plastic that snaps on to the discharge nozzle and is straight with a fan shaped bit right after that. If you needed a diffuser for CO2, you could even connect the CO2 outlet from a DIY CO2 bottle to that same venturi connection and it would help dissolve the CO2 in the water by blowing it around somewhat.