Your welcome.
The names are in the article:
The bacteria which remove the ammonia are called 'Nitrosomonas'.
The other bacteria is called 'Nitrospira'. They convert nitrite to nitrate.
Yes, this is correct. As with all bacteria, mutation is very rapid, so we think of each species as a grouping of extremely similar individuals with slight genetic variations.
Both Nitrosomonas (the A-Bacs or ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and Nitrospira (the N-Bacs or nitrite oxidizing bacteria) are chemolithoautotrophs. It is useful to understand that heterotrophs process organic (molecular material from previously living things,) whereas autotrophs can process inorganic material. In the case of our two species, the "litho" part of the designation comes from "eaters of rock," which I think is interesting!
In much of the older, outdated material you may find references to Nitrobacter instead of Nitrospira but this was proven wrong by a series of papers, of which one of the authors is Tim Hovanec, who you will hear us refer to from time to time.
Some strains of these autotrophs are thought to be among a number of species that are thought to be somewhat resistant to chlorine products, which may explain part of why they find their way into just about any tapwater source in the world. Regardless of this unproven resistance, a few are virtually always present.
~~waterdrop~~