The short answer to your question is "it depends". Many marine keepers, like myself, do not use external filters. We use live rock as our biological filtration, protein skimmers as our mechanical, and some will use carbon, GFO, and grow chaetomorpha or other macro algae to keep nutrient levels down. Most coral tanks are a must to be operated this way but if you plan on having fish only you can manage with canister or wet/dry trickle filters.
What are your goals/hopes for the tank?