Are you sure the green stuff is sand?
For the filter - When i got my 55G, I had the same problem.
What happened with mine was that the filter cartreges weren't put in correctly. Are you sure yours are? Read the manual that came with it. Its usually different than what you think how its done.![]()
The air bubbles will eventually pop and the sand will drop back down to the bottom.
Astually, as sick as it sounds, some people have used urine to cycle a tank. It's ammonia just like fish waste. Another thing that will work but is harder to regulate is fish food. Put it in and let it break down and rot (about a day) and it will produce ammonia. Still, regular ammonia is the best way. I just don't knwo how you can convince your dad. Us dads (me - 53 yrs old with 2 grown kids and 3 grand kids) can be a tad hard-headed at times (did I really admit to that?).