Hi wrs
A cycled tank is one that has the bacteria to convert ammonia, which the fish produce, first to nitrite and then to the more harmless nitrates. As long as these bacteria are in the tank, it doesn't matter how they get there.
One way to get them is to let nature take its course and let them develop from the wastes the fish make. This is slow and can be harmful to the fish if it is not monitored and controlled by very frequent water changes.
The other way is to just pick them up and put them in there. This is what you are trying to tell your brother. Now, these beneficial bacteria are clinging to all the surfaces of the tank. They are living in the top 1/2 to 3/4 inch of the gravel, in the filter media, and on the plants, decorations and glass too. There are also a small amount in the water, but not very many. (Just adding used tank water will not be adequate, although people used to think it was.)
Most of the bacteria live in the gravel and filter, since this is where the food they eat tend to end up, so moving these things into a new tank will result in an instant "cycle." They might not be adequate to support a full load of fish right away, but the more bacteria you put in, the more fish you can safely add. They will spread and reproduce as necessary. You will, in effect, be making a clone of the original tank.
If you use gravel from the old tank, vacuum it very well and spread it on top of the new gravel. Any dirt left on it will settle or be filtered out quickly. To use the filter, simply set up the old filter and run it in the new tank, or take the floss, insert or sponge out and put it in the new filter. As it runs, the bacteria will spread into the gravel and grow on the other surfaces too.
If he doesn't want to use the same kind of gravel, you can vacuum it well and put some of it into a new nylon stocking. Women's knee-high or ankle length ones work well because they can be filled and a knot tied in them. Then just lay it on top of the new gravel. After a week or two you can remove them and replace the gravel in the old tank. This is not as efficient as putting the old gravel right on top of the new, but it will work.
If you set up the new filter on the old tank and the old filter on the new tank, the bacteria from it will spread nicely without upsetting your original tank. Then, in a few weeks, you can just switch them around if you would like.
However you do it, I suggest adding fish a few at a time to be sure that the bacteria has a chance to catch up to the bio-load.
Good luck trying to explain this to your brother.
