I read that clown loaches need a bigger tank than I have but I've also seen they can make it in this size...
While they will ultimately need a bigger tank, reaching 10-12 inches, they are slow growers (the only shortcoming of the tank is the width - 55's are 12 inches on the short dimension, which will leave a big clown loach with little turning room, particularly if they're impeded by plants or decor). They're often hard to rehome when they get big, but they'll be able to live in a 55 much of their life - if you decide to keep them, you'll probably be looking at an eventual upgrade to a 75 gallon tank. That's likely several years away at least, very different than the all-too-common situation where they're kept in 20-30 gallon tanks, expecting they'll be fine for a very long time and then be easy to unload.
The brown stain from bogwood is harmless, some fish even do slightly better with it. It is a bit unsightly in some people's opinions. Boiling can help get it out faster, or if it's big, running it through the dishwasher without soap.
Anyway, as for additional fish, your tiger barbs do limit some options. being notorious fin nippers, you'll want to avoid slow moving fish and fish with long fins. Gouramis and angelfish are pretty well out, but any quick and robust fish is fine.
My suggestions would be danios, bigger tetra species like black widow, phantom, or serpae. Rainbowfish should also be robust enough to live with tiger barbs.
Small or mid sized Synodontis catfish (nigriventris "upside down catfish" or petricola, maybe, there's some bigger species in the 6 inch range as well) will usually punch back if they're messed with, as would a bristlenose plec (which won't get to the immense size common plecs or gibbiceps will). Corydoras are unimposing and might be fine with tiger barbs, but IME they're also curious and stupid, which is a bad combination - mine tend to take the brunt of any grumpy fish (and probably caused it to start with by insisting on foraging in caves occupied by bigger fish).
A pair of kribensis would provide a colorful addition. They're usually peaceful enough for general communities, but can be terrors if they spawn. Fish like tiger barbs and the others I've mentioned should be up to the challenge.