1 gal isn't really big enough for one fish, let alone two, I'm afraid. It's not so much that the cory will get lonely, more that if he's scared he won't be able to school. Schooling is a defence mechanism against predators - not being able to do so can therefore be stressful.
Depending on the species of cory they do usually grow to about 2 inches. A rough rule of thumb is 1 inch of fish per gallon of water, and with a 2.5 inch betta in there, I'm sure you can see how it doesn't add up. Besides, corys like to swim and there isn't really enough room in a 1 gal container.
If you want to get more fish you should try to get a bigger tank. A 10 gal would be ideal - then you could get another 3 or 4 corys.