Well, their fighting behavior is instinctual. So, by nature they are absolutely aggressive fish.
Selective breeding in Thailand has certainly made betta splendens more aggressive than they are by nature though. As catxx said, bettas were bred as plakat fighters. This was and is still their culture and betta fighting is very common there.
So the answer is yes and no. It's like you could bread of line of Cichlids to be extra aggressive, although they are already aggressive by nature. Or just think of dogs such as Pitbulls or Rotwielers. They were naturally aggressive dogs, so they were chosen to breed lines of attack dogs.
Many different species wild bettas are much more docile.