Whisper filters now come with a black "bio-sponge" type thing that goes right after the cartridge. Therefore, if you change your cartridge, there should be some bacteria in that black sponge. (as long as you do not let it dry out or rinse it in chlorinated water while cleaning your filter) You are right though that much of the bacteria is probably in the cartridge in additon to the bio-sponge. Therefore, I would reduce feeding for a day or two after changing the filter cartridge. This will reduce the waste from the fish, and give the bacteria time to catch up again with hopefully no amonia buildup in the water.
I do not replace the cartridge in mine every month. I usually do it every 2-3 months. Every couple weeks, during my regular maintenance, I rinse out the cartridge in a bucket of water I just took out of my tank. This prevents it from clogging up. I gently rub the sides of the filter cartridge with my finders while the cartridge is in the bucket of water.
If you have a Whisper60, then it should have 2 cartridges and 2 black "bio sponges". In this case, always replace 1 cartridge at a time. Replace the other side the following week when you do your regular water change again. This will almost guarentee that you will not have a problem with cycling and amonia.