to my untrained eye, they look identical... maybe a similar developed fish from 2 different river systems???
Color-wise, the stripe on H. erythryzonus is solid neon orange. The stripe on H. amapaensis is composed of three bands, orange, white and black. The orange stripe is closer to red. As far as evolutionary relationship, there are clades of tetras with similar color patterns that share a common ancestor a couple of million years ago. The Rosy Tetra clade is probably the most obvious and well-known group which includes the Rosy, Bleeding Heart, the Black Phantom and others. But the two species you mention do not share the same clade and thus are not as closely related as you might think. Further, H. amapaensis has an even more similar doppelganger, Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus, the Flag Tetra, which has been in the hobby forever and is indeed a member of the same clade as H. amapaensis. In fact the clade bears its name..to my untrained eye, they look identical... maybe a similar developed fish from 2 different river systems???