I'm not really sure what happened to cause my algae, but I suppose I should try to stop it before just adding fish. I didn't have algae problems until I added fish, and even then it wasn't until they found and ate all my snails.
I have some java ferns, some swords, and some mystery plants with 2 15 watt full-spectrum flourescents and DIY CO2 (not sure of the concentration). The introduction of CO2 hasn't really bothered the algae, but the plants are doing much better.
Filtration is just a standard on-tank filter with activated carbon rated for a 20-30 gallon tank. Tank is fully cycled. Water is changed weekly (40-70%). Waste tends to accumulate in the corner opposite the filter between water changes. I've been looking into adding another small filter, but I can't find a small filter that has a long enough pickup tube, and I'm not sure if a powerhead will bother my girls.