hole-in-head disease
1. Hole in the Head is a disease of tropical fish which starts with smalls sore on the head above the eyes. These sore grow and eventually produce through the outer layer of skin.
Hole in the Head is most often seen in large Cichlids or other large fish. Oscars are large Cichlids and are often infected with Hole in the Head. Click here for more information about Oscars. Jurupari Earth Eaters, are a species of Cichlid, that also often show signs of Hole in the Head.
2. We think Hole in the Head is the result of poor water quality over a long period of time. It's best to prevent Hole in the Head by doing the proper maintenance schedule. Click here for more information about a Maintenance Schedule.
3. Hole in the Head often occurs in aquariums with under gravel filters, and sometimes in aquariums with canister filters, but rarely in aquariums with a BIO-Wheel filters. Click here for more information about all of these types of Aquarium Filters.
4. If you have a fish with Hole in the Head, you should immediately begin the recommended Maintenance Schedule and get the properly size aquarium filter with a BIO-Wheel. Then begin cleaning your gravel with a gravel washer. When the gravel is clean, remove more of it and the under gravel filter. Click here for more information about gravel and gravel washers.
5. If you have an Oscar, be sure it has a large enough aquarium. One large Oscar 8 inches in length needs at least 80 gallons of water. Two 8 inch Oscars need at least 150 gallons of water. More Oscars and larger Oscars need even bigger aquariums with more water.
6. If you have an Oscar or other large fish with Hole in the Head, you should give that fish all six steps of the Recommended Treatment. Click here for the details about the Recommended Treatment.
7. However, the Recommended Treatment usually will not cure Hole in the Head. It's worth a try, and it may work, or it may arrest the disease, so the fish can survive.
The combination of Flagyl (metronidazoel) and Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) usually does work to cure Hole in the Head. But these are both pharmaceutical drugs that require a prescription to obtain.
At one time you could buy medicated flakes, and one type of those flakes contained these two drugs. But I haven't seen any of the medicated flakes offered for sale in several years.
8. I have been told that Hole in the Head is caused by a combination of flagellated protozoans and bacteria. Flagyl is a treatment for flagellated protozoans, and Chloramphenicol is a powerful antibiotic.
We do not have any more information about the availability of these drugs or any other drugs.
thanks to www.aquriumfish.net for this info