I was thinking that maybe, one day in the future, I would keep a singal goldfish in my ten gallon with a twenty gallon filter. Just a thought. Are most goldfish too big for this? Are they shooling fish?
To put it simply, yes a 10g is to small. Even if you overfilter to take care of a goldfish I think even the smallest needs a 20g minimum and maybe more since they all get quite large - even fancy goldfish. I think in the coldwater section there is a pinned list of goldfish species that has their size. You should take a look to check how big they get. HTH.
-Larissa
Edit: I'm not sure whether they are shoaling fish - don't think so though.