Say "Hello" To... Daphnia

BigC

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I have never actually gone into Daphnia Aquaculture in any great detail before. Yes, I've managed to keep the little things going from time to time, outside in a cut-up fashioned tub which I initially set up to attract midge and to harvest their larvae.
After reading quite a bit of literature on the subject, I'm now tentatively embarking on learning how to properly culture this form of live food.
In Northern Ireland we are poorly served by our local aquarist establishments of which we have only three we can use who can actually call themselves true aquarist establishments. None of them stock livefoods, no adult brineshrimp, no tubifex and for the purpose of this article no daphnia. We have to resort to searching out our own breeding grounds or send for supplies to the mainland of which the postal rates negate the last option.
I've been wanting to add to my ever growing livefood culture list for while now and have chosen Daphnia pulex over Daphnia magna due to it's smaller size.
I sent for a clean, disease free starter culture from a guy called Dave who lives not too far away in North Down.
http://www.aquarist-classifieds.co.uk/php/detail.php?cat=51&de=68534
He quite happily supplied me with a few cultures along with food (concentrate green algae solution) also included was an algae starter solution which should let me brew my own food for the daphnia if I follow the concise instruction leaflet enclosed.

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Contents of the D. pulex starter kit

The final home for the D. pulex in the summer months is expected to be a large drum filled with rainwater and pH adjusted like the one below.

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Large drum intended to be the eventual Summer breeding ground for the Daphnia

Given that it's much too cold outside at the moment I have been advised to culture indoors until the weather is more clement. Following the instructions provided with the kit, I will be using a 3ltr Ice Cream carton.

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Initial culture vessel, a 3ltr Ice Cream carton. The first thing I needed to do was to adjust the rainwater pH up to 7.2 as advised

Floating the bags of D. pulex was next on the agenda to equalize the temperatures between the bags and the tub, after which the daphnia was carefully poured into some small containers so I could slowly acclimatise and mix some of the water I'd made up with their own culture water.

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After around half an hour I reckoned the acclimatisation was complete and the time had come to add the Daphnia to their new provisional home. The instructions concluded that the creatures should be fed immediately. I added enough of the concentrated algae to slightly tinge the water green. Once this has cleared a little I will add further amounts of the algae.

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I now need to set up the algae cultures (green water) in 2 litre bottles. I will try to incorporate two culture vessels in my Livefood cupboard as both light and air are already installed this would make things much more convenient.

This is a work in progress and I will add to this article with words and images as the trial progresses. At the moment I am following the instructions provided, as always other folks may do things a little differently but for the purpose of educating myself on the topic I am following whats in front of me.

ATB
BigC
 
cool, ive always wondered how to grow these little guys, i remember a tank i had with spring water...they just grew out of the blue!! it took a few weeks mind, anyway im intrested in see how things go with this!
 
The next step is to proceed with setting up the Green Water (algae) culture.
I managed to squeeze two more bottles into my Livefood larder area and relayed the necessary airlines.
I added the contents of the sachets provided with the kit to boiled (then cooled) pH adjusted rainwater.

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The upper packets are the Algae culturing sachets, on one side is the actual algae (green) and on the other (light blue liquid) is nutrients on which the algae will feed.

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I poured the contents into the prepared water vessels (behind the brineshrimp hatcheries) and applied the airlines to make the water turbid as relayed in the instructions.

Admittedly the water presently in the bottles has just a slight tinge of green but I have been advised and assured that after 7-10 days this will change to a very rich green colour as the algae proliferates under the strong 24 hr lighting. (that is, if I've performed this part of the process correctly)
I am using a 15w 6500k Daylight Spectrum mini spiral energy saver bulb for the purpose. It also keeps the temperature within the cupboard at around 74'F.

So now, for this side of the Daphnia culturing project we will just have to wait and see.

Regards
C
 
Only the third day of setting up the green water algae culture and I'm sure you'll agree there's an already marked increase in production

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Initial setup colouration Fri 27th Nov. 2009

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3rd Day colour comparison Sun 29th Nov. 2009

The other bottle is not showing the same characteristics as this one given that it was set up in much the same fashion and using the same water. No matter, so long as I have got one culture to flourish I can always sub-divide after the allotted time.

Regards
C
 
The green water is coming along nicely. That is where I always seem to fail when I culture daphnia. I even tried leaving the green water culture next to a large south-facing window and just couldn't get the stuff to grow.
 
The algae seems to be getting darker as the days go by. Here is a shot from this evening just to compare.

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Day four: Mon 30th Nov. 2009

Incidentally the second bottle has now started to colour up and is taking on that lush green glow.

Regards
Colin
 
thats looking awsome, how are the fleas doing? do you have to keep on getting that blue stuff for the algae?
 
Thats looking awesome, how are the fleas doing? do you have to keep on getting that blue stuff for the algae?
The flea's are doing grand at the moment and I have had to give one feed to the fish so as to relieve overcrowding in the tub.
I'm feeding almost every day now, just enough algae to tinge the water green. I am at the end of the small packets of algae sent to me as feed, so I hope this culture goes full term (7-10 days) and I soon may have to start some more tubs for the actual Daphnia.
The fert/nutrient supply that I will be using for the subcultures is Miracle Grow Pour & Feed. I have been told that you dont need a lot of nutrient per culture so a litre bottle of the above will/should last for ages and if it does the business then it's money well spent.
Regards
C
 
The green water is coming along nicely. That is where I always seem to fail when I culture daphnia. I even tried leaving the green water culture next to a large south-facing window and just couldn't get the stuff to grow.

Make sure everything you use is sterile. When I first started culturing greenwater I had some which got contaminated with bacteria. Needless to say, it got all froathy and didn't grow very well. Also make sure you're inoculating the water with enough algae, that is also quite important.

Just some tips :good:


Great resource BigC :)
 
After six days the algae appears to be bottoming out, it's not getting any thicker. (as the starter food sachets) Obviously something is wrong. Everything has gone really well up until this juncture. Is it the food, perhaps. I have ordered some phytoplankton / algae fertilizer (Guillard’s f/2 formulation) from Fleabay to see if this is the missing link. Maybe it is and maybe it isn't, but for the algae to go so long then stop signifies some factor is no longer present to allow the algae to continue production.
I will try to kick-start the existing culture with the new feed and if all else fails then I will order a fresh starter from the original source.
I'd like to continue trying to get this right as I find it both an interesting and intriguing subject.
As always I like to catalogue my failures as well as my successes as I find this is the only way to learn.
I will continue this thread when the new food arrives.
Regards
C
 
This has been a Very Good read, Have you tried Spirulina Powder. I always use this with my Daphnia and It Never Fails, always see them full and nice and Dark Green within a Few hours of Adding it to the water. This way i don't have to culture green water.
 
Must give that a try Gill, but there's something about this that intrigues me and I guess I want to carry on.
I performed my first sub-culture yesterday from the dark bottle.I was informed that this would be fine as without the aid of some specialist equipment I would never really achieve that deep thick elixir. So I went ahead and set up my 1.5 litres of boiled rainwater (pH7.2)and inoculated it with 30mls of algae from the existing culture. I then added 8 drops of An Orchid drip feeder (B&Q) and things seem to have taken off once again with the bottle starting to darken even after 24hrs.
The Daphnia tub is being fed 200mls of algae every other day and seem to be holding their own, for now, I have fed the fish twice from the tub since I started to alleviate overcrowding. There seems to be a lot of smaller daphnia now.
Regards
C
 
Hey BigC,

Any update of the Daphnia rearing? Came across your posts researching home production after seeing a starter kit on Aquarist Classifieds. Hoping to give this ago along with brine shrimp in the new year after I return from my travels, so would be greatfull to hear if your still having success :good:

(Edited for spelling)
 
Ok sorry if i sound like a idiot for asking tihs but

What on earth are killifish?

when i saw those package's things i thought they where geneticly made or something..

Come-on Some-one explain to me please? xD
 
Ok sorry if i sound like a idiot for asking tihs but
What on earth are killifish?
when i saw those package's things i thought they where geneticly made or something..
Come-on Some-one explain to me please? xD

Those packages are not Killifish.....They are a Daphnia starter cultures (Water Flea's) for feeding to fish.

Any update of the Daphnia rearing? Came across your posts researching home production after seeing a starter kit on Aquarist Classifieds. Hoping to give this ago along with brine shrimp in the new year after I return from my travels, so would be greatfull to hear if your still having success

Hi TetraUk,
Yeah...Sorry I haven't had much time to myself lately and Christmas sure don't help.
Anyway some more observations have been made. I could never get the elixir go a really dark green until now.
I am using a feed for phytoplankton called Guillard’s f/2 formulation. This seems to give me better results.
One thing though when splitting off for new cultures I was using the same bottles rinsed out and they just didn't seem to go right after that. I think you need to have everything as sterile as possible in order to gain success.
I now use glass spaghetti jars and new airline each time I set up. With the glass you can get it cleaner than using plastic. So I think keeping things really clean and using the new feed has led me to achieving that real Green Soup I crave.
The Daphnia culture is really doing well, I now have two cultures going strong and although not in plague proportions as yet I am able to feed a tank of adults once a week and still maintain the culture.
Regards
C
 

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