As John suggests, aquatic plants will adapt to obtain nutrients through the water column i.e. through their leaves.
Using this technique it is very important to keep the water column rich. This brings about risks of algae if there isn't sufficient bio-mass to use the nutrients. In other words you need to plant very heavily.
EI is a very effective method to ensure the plants never go deficient and many have success running an inert substrate.
I prefer to run both myself i.e. nutrient-rich substrate and water column. This way the plants are "spoilt", and grow very well indeed.