Holding CO2 under water in a bell or jar is a poor method of CO2 diffusion since there is little surface area. Hence, the better methods involve bubbling the CO2 up a ladder or even better, using a ceramic disk to form microbubbles. Microbubbles have a much larger surface area and thus greater diffusion.
Flow rate also has an effect. Static Co2 in a bell jar in theory should diffuse slowly, since there is a small conc. gradient. A larger flow rate either way, i.e water passing CO2 or CO2 passing through water, should diffuse faster.
Chris