There are advantages and disadvantages to growing aquarium plants in pots rather than the substrate. It might be useful to know the background, i.e., why you might be considering pots.
Clay pots are suitable; I'm not aware of other types, though they may well exist. Plants with larger root systems will need very wide pots. Echinodorus (swords) for instance have very extensive root systems; I have seen the roots from one of these extend well beyond a foot horizontally from the crown, in all directions. Cryptocoryne can also develop extensive root systems. There is a real benefit to the substrate and thus the biology of the aquarium from this; plant roots release a lot of oxygen, promoting various types of bacteria throughout the substrate. There is also obviously the uptake of various nutrients including ammonia/ammonium through the roots. My general thinking is that plants are best planted in the substrate.
Byron.