I try to do it every 2 weeks -on average. If the water looks good, and im not having any problems with the fish, I might go 3 weeks. If things are looking icky - water a bit cloudy, lots of waste on the bottom, I'll do it more frequently until the cloudiness is gone. Like people have said, it depends on your tank. If you have messy fish, like plecos, you'll want to do it more often. If you have smaller 'tidier' fish like platties you can get away with going a few weeks without one.