The term "mature" is generally used to describe tanks which have been set up and had stable water parameters for over 6 months. During the first 6 months the parameters of a tank can swing wildly with additions of new fish and as the pH and hardness settles out due to influences of decor and gas exchanges. Delicate and sensative fish should only be added to "mature" tanks.
A mature tank still needs regular water changes to remove nitrates and replace buffering ions which prevent pH crash.