M. auratus ... adult males are perhaps the most aggressive of any Mbuna available, period. They are violently intolerant of male conspecifics (i.e., fish of similar appearance). Simply do not try and keep more than one of these males in anything less than 125 gallons. Males can be quite effective at laying claim to almost half of a 50-gallon aquarium, fighting anyone who trespasses, unless to spawn. The effects of this aggression can be ameliorated by having several females to one male. Males court females almost as violently as they defend their territories; therefore, it is necessary to have at least two females per male so as to reduce the trauma a single female will receive. Females will also need plenty of shelter and room to move about so they can escape if needed. This is especially true once they have spawned, as the male will continue to vigorously court her.