Unknown causes.
That you can't treat, so if the fish was alone, I drain and refill the tank and don't worry about the filter. The things I can treat are things I can see. If I didn't see the cause, then the tank can wait for the next arrivals.
If I were totally inexperienced I might disinfect everything and restart a sterile filter to re-seed it. A newcomer could miss Camallanus nematodes, or flavibacter/flexibacter/columnaris.
If a few die, I do a partial water change after I remove the bodies, and I wait to see if I can identify known causes. If I can, I try to treat. There's no med for shipping injury (which can be chemical injury), airport tarmac chilling or boiling, or fighting during shipping.
Is this a form of Russian roulette? A bit, but how can you treat unknown causes? Quarantine should be a time when you try to observe problems and treat them if they can be identified. I've saved a lot of fish with prompt treatment when I could see what was needed, but when you can't identify the cause you realize how weak our ability to diagnose properly is.