A good quality RO unit will take just about everything out of the water, you are left with ultra pure water, which has to be treated to make it safe for aquarium use.
How much they take out depends on the quality of the unit, (often how many stages it has), and the quality of the water going into it. A cheap unit with poor water will produce much better water than it was supplied with, but nothing like pure water.
I used to live in NE Hampshire where the water was so hard from the tap, you didn't pour it, you cut slices off. My first simple tap mounted RO dropped the hardness from 25+ degrees to about 3 degrees which for most people is ideal. My current unit is more sophisticated, and drops the water to practically pure which I need for breeding purposes.
Points to consider, cheap units don't produce much at ordinary water mains pressure, maybe 20 liters a day, some more, others less, a booster pump can help, but again, with cheap units you are limited. Another issue is they waste a lot of water. For every liter of water produced, as much as 10 or more goes down the drain. If you are on a metered supply, and can't arrange to use the bypass water somehow, this can be expensive.
One of the boards sponsors, Osmotics, is a specialist firm dealing with this kind of gear. Click their add in the top right corner when you see it.