No, you don't have to have them in full marine.
There are advantages to keeping them in marine, but these fish do not live in the sea in the wild, but rather live in estuaries where they are exposed to varying salinities between freshwater and medium strength brackish water. The probably spend more time in freshwater than they ever do in the sea, and frankly I've never read anything in the scientific literature to suggest they go into the sea on a regular basis (but then, I haven't been looking for any such reports, either!).
The advantages of keeping them in seawater are that you can use living rock and a protein skimmer. Both of these things help with water quality. However, you can maintain equally good water quality in brackish water, you just have to work harder at it (more water changes, etc.). Seawater salinity perhaps helps in other ways, e.g., by buffering against pH changes, but again, you can do this in brackish water too (add coral sand and tufa rock to the aquarium for example).
The optimal SG for GSPs is likely between 1.010 and 1.015. Klaus Ebert (author of the Aqualog book on puffers)
doesn't make any distinction between brackish water and seawater as an environment for these fish, but merely states that in
freshwater they do not live as long. You may even be able to keep them at a lower salinity, say SG 1.005 to 1.008, provided you ensure pH, hardness, and water quality generally are maintained to a high standard.
Cheers, Neale
I've had GSPs in my brackish tank for 2 years now. Do I have to eventually make them full marine? What happens if I leave them in brackish?