the 5th pic, a pale orange fish looks like pigeonblood discus. Not sure about the red/orange one and the other is juvenile so could turn into anything blue, green or brown, probably a blue variety of some sort.
You can't sex discus until they are breeding. Then the females have a short wide ovipositor (egg laying tube) and the males have a longer thinner ovipositor.
Old male discus will sometimes develop a slightly rounded forehead. This is caused by a build up of fatty tissue, but not all fish have it and young fish won't show it.
I think, hard to tell some till they are older
pic 1. red marlbrough
pic 2. kind of spotted/ turk
pic 5. pigeonblood
pic 12. blue diamond
pic 13. red/blue turk
feed them plenty to pack on some weight