Most fish will get used to a single sort of food if you let them. Kids will only eat candy if they can. But sometimes you have to put your foot down and make them eat their vegetables. So it is with fish.
Yes, your climbing perch will eat bloodworms*. Maybe not the first time you offer them. Or the next day. Or the day after that. But he will. Predatory fish can go many days without food, even weeks, so doing this isn't risking anything. Let him starve a week if you want. That'll focus his mind on whatever you decide to give him. And once he's taking bloodworms, you can expand things a little to include krill, chopped mussel, etc. But truly, insect larvae of one sort of another are the correct and most nutritious food you can give them.
Neon tetras are a terrible food. Ever heard of Neon Tetra Disease? It's very common among cheap (commercially bred) neons. Caused by a parasite called Pleistophora. Despite its name, it will infect fish other than neons, including species as diverse as goldfish and angelfish. So yes, it's a potential risk to your Ctenopoma. How, you ask, do fish catch Neon Tetra Disease? By eating an infected fish! So feeding neons deliberately to a predatory fish is akin to playing Russian Roulette, where the "bullet" is an incurable disease that kills the fish slowly.
If you MUST use live fish as food because you
enjoy using them, then the only 100% safe food are livebearers. Rear your own (don't use the ones you bought). Use the baby fish you breed at home. Gut-load the livebearers using algae flake.
No other source of feeder fish is safe. Period. End of story. Sooner or later, any fish bought from the pet store will cause disease, especially with a predator that lives as long as Ctenopoma acutirostre. You can't safely keep a predator while using cheap feeder fish. Just won't work out.
"Pet quality" means absolutely nothing at all. Goldfish, neons, rams, and dwarf gouramis are all widely sold as pets while being riddled with disease. One vet study put the incidence of Dwarf Gourami Disease (a viral disease) at 22% of all dwarf gouramis sampled! The odds are simply not in your favour.
Other good live foods for Ctenopoma are earthworms, mealworms, small crickets and river shrimp, at least some of which should be easy to obtain. All are safe, nutritious, and inexpensive.
Ctenopoma acutirostre is crepuscular, as you have observed. They're also rather shy. Floating plants are critical. Mine enjoyed bloodworms when offered in the morning and shortly before bedtime. Some suitably sized dither fish will also help enormously. Swordtails, Congo tetras or rainbowfish would all be about right, assuming your tank is big enough.
Cheers, Neale
*Live or "wet" frozen; not the freeze-dried stuff
I usually don't get goldfish for those reasons, occasionally he has them, but I don't think I'll be buying them anymore. He's just gotten really sick with ick from eating a sick goldfish. I'm having a hard time getting rid of it. I usually feed him minnows and neon tetras which are usually pet quality so are pretty healthy. His favorite are the neon tetras.
His tank is very well planted since he is very shy. He doesn't even like people coming near the tank.
As for food, the only thing he will eat is fish. I've tried pellets, flakes, frozen brine shrimp, daphnia, and blood worms, but he just completely refuses them. He only eats in the middle of the night, and he only eats fish.