Alleopathy/allelopathy

Dave Spencer

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How widely accepted is the idea of one type of plantlife releasing biomolecules to supress another?

I am asking this question because my Egeria Densa is growing like mad and, right now, it has got to be reeking of all things alleopathic. Despite this, it acts like a hair algae magnet, whilst my Ludwigia sp. and Rotala sp. grow at a tenth of the rate, but all they do is stay 100% algae free and accumulate masses of O2 bubbles under their leaves.

My Hygrophilia Polysperma is growing very successfully as well. What happens when these two have overcome the algae in my tank, do they start an alleopathic warfare between themselves?

Sorry to be such an anorak, Dave.
 
Hmmm. Another one of those controversial topics. In my book it's all hogwash but other people swear it exists. There is evidence of some allelopathy in the roots but I think not in the water column. Why would plants need to release allelopathy chemicals into the water column for it all to be washed away and be of no benefit. Also a lot of aquatic plants grow emmersed with only there roots in the water. Many people keep all sorts of plants together with absolutely no problems at all.

If there was allelopathy against algae then I'm sure by now somebody would have discovered what it was and produced an algaecide from it. Some plants have much better resistance to algae growing on them which is why you may think that there is allelopathy.

I'm sure somebody may come along quoting the likes of Diana Walstad, but until it can be proved I'm not going to be convinced.

James
 
You make some good points, James.

If allelopathy did occur in the roots you would think some would make its way in to the water column. In the confined environment of an aquarium the water column should become a total exclusion zone to algae.

Then again, in a tank using the EI principles, what is it that prevents algae becoming rampant in what is essentially their idea of heaven? Algae is an organism that has been around for billions of years before us, and will be here long after we have destroyed the environment, yet it is does appear to be suppressed in a well maintained aquarium.

The 5in threads of hair algae on my Egeria make me seriously doubt allelopathy, but something must be holding the algae back.
 
The 64 million dollar question. Algaes seem able to sense good plant growing conditions, possibly by high O2 concentrations which is a sure sign of plants doing well. Limit one of the nutrients and plants slow down with lower O2 concentrations. Algae sense the imbalance and come to life. Ammonia is a sure sign that something isn't going right and an algae trigger which is the reason we have algae outbreaks when it is present. Even in perfectly run tanks there is always going to be a small amount of algae present unless you live in sterile conditions.

This mainly applys to EI dosing tanks with CO2 etc. Low tech tanks tend to operate differently due to their slow groth rates by limiting nutrients in the water column and supplying them in the substrate.

James
 
I can see why in a tank of lower light levels and lower nutrients that algae is held back.

I struggle to understand what it is in an EI set up that is holding the algae back. I can`t imagine all the plants being united in a battle against algae using allelopathy, because they would eventually use this method to turn against themselves.

There must be a common denominator, and pearling plants releasing O2 could be it.
 
I used to think allelopathy was the key to why heavily planted tanks, with "excess" nutrients i.e. NO3, PO4 and Fe, still did not experience algae. I have read evidence for and against this theory; Walstad, Barr etc. Most evidence suggests that it's non-existent in the aquarium environment.

O2 production limiting algae production has also been suggested i.e. literally oxidising the algae cells.

I have no clue personally!

I just accept that if I plant heavily and provide appropriate light and nutrients, then algae doesn't bother me.

I know that if I neglect my plants then algae will punish me. Whether that's lack of CO2 in a higher-tech set up, or too much light in a lower-tech etc. etc. algae is always lurking in the background ready to pounce!

None of that probably helps you though eh!?
 
There is no doubting that introducing a virulent biomass in to algae heaven works to keep it at bay, pretty much as in a high tech tank.

It`s like most things in life, George. If it ain`t broke, don`t fix it. Accept it!

I think James hit the nail on the head when he said that if allelopathy existed, we would be buying bottles of its products and adding it to to our tanks.
 
I think James hit the nail on the head when he said that if allelopathy existed, we would be buying bottles of its products and adding it to to our tanks.
Like ADA Phyton Git you mean!?

Seriously though, if you're really interested in this you should read Diana Walstad's book.

If it ain`t broke, don`t fix it. Accept it!
I don't entirely follow that philosophy. If it isn't broken then great, but even better if we can understand it and improve on it. Don't fear change, embrace it!
 
I will definitely get that book some time, but I have just forked out on some new gubbings for my tank and a camera. Times are hard.

An interesting subject though.

EDIT: George, have you any info on the value of ADA Phyton Git?
 
I can see why in a tank of lower light levels and lower nutrients that algae is held back.

I struggle to understand what it is in an EI set up that is holding the algae back. I can`t imagine all the plants being united in a battle against algae using allelopathy, because they would eventually use this method to turn against themselves.

There must be a common denominator, and pearling plants releasing O2 could be it.

NH4 induces many species of algae, and if it's there, plants rapidly suck it up........if the plants have enough food, they exclude the algae.
It makes a good indicator that someone else is there and growing well.

It explains why adding progressively more and more fish to a planted tank instead of KNO3/KH2PO4 etc causes algae when you add CO2/higher light.

Diana cannot rectify the issues in a non CO2 and CO2 planted tanks nor makes an attempt to do so, this hypothesis does.

Why are there elephants if there are mice?
Should the mice out compete the elephants?
The elephants need much more food to do well
Both are herbivores, one is tiny, the other huge, one reproduces very rapidly, the other does not.

Like plants and algae, they are in quite differing time scales, reproductive cyclings/types, size, nutrient demands, basically they are not in the same ecological niche at all.

But......folks like to think they are for some odd reason.

They have plants, then get algae, they think something is feeding the algae, that's butt backwards think, the question should be: what do the plants need to grow optimally?
When you focus on the plants needs, algae is not much of an issue.
Problem is, folks worry too much about algae and not enough about plants.

I'm not the only one that's blasted allelopathy out of the water, Dr Ole Petersen has a great article, and along different lines on Tropica's web site.
You can search his name and allelopathy and find a pdf file for it.
Dr Kane in UF, a good personal friend of mine and where I went to grad school also has done a lot of work on this subject as well as Dr Bowes, Allison Fox and Bill haller there at UF as well as Hoyer, Bachmann among many others. They think what I do, but maybe on the off chance, we are all wrong?

And here is the death of the entire theory in my personal opinion:
Observation, out of the 300 species of commonly kept aquatic plants, why do we see the same algae supression intensity in all tanks, with wide variation in plant species and biomass?
Put another way: what are the odds that all 300 species(many of which are not aquatic in natural systems, or not most of the year) produce ther same chemicals and produce the same intensity of repression on all algae species?

Think about that for a moment.
It cannot be one allelopathic chemical silver bullet as many enjoy claiming.
Endogenous cellular chemicals are not the same as ground up plant juice added at high concentrations to algae samples in test wells.

If you assume that allelopathic chemical are causing the algae to be repressed, a very simple test will tell: add fresh activated carbon tio the filter, and/or do a giant water change each day.

AC is used as a standard method for removal in the control of allelopathic chemical studies in research.

If you assume that Allelopathic chemicals supress algae, then removing them will induce algae, not one person has ever shown that to be true or even correlated in any way.
Actually, quite the opposite, better plant growth, less algae.

Take a look at Ole's comments.

George, have you any info on the value of ADA Phyton Git?

Makes you feel better?
Helps ADA's sales?

It does not supress algae due to allelopathic chemicals in our tanks.
That much I do know.


Regards,
Tom Barr
 
If there was allelopathy against algae then I'm sure by now somebody would have discovered what it was and produced an algaecide from it. Some plants have much better resistance to algae growing on them which is why you may think that there is allelopathy.
James

I'll play devil's advocate.

There is so much that science does not yet know, there are so many mystries to life and the vast complexities of the world around us. New research has shown that many new healing phyto chemicals have yet to be discovered properties by scientist. Why not just try our product and see the results for yourself!!!

Please send 29.99 to:

Tom Barr
1234 Sucker Lane
Fool's Paradise, CA
USA
 

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