Carbonate hardness vs General hardness. KH is pretty much the measurement of alkalinity of the water. GH is a measurement of mineral content, like calcium and magnesium, in the water. They are two seperate entities, yet linked at a certain level. I'm no chemist, so maybe someone else can give you a more thorough explanation. I do know that you don't want the GH too high (even with most Africans), while KH, as I mentioned, will have a direct effect on PH, but not the livestock.