It's easy to develop a tank that doesn't need feeding - it's just a big planted tank with shrimp, snails, otos, and not much else. You can also, if you do your stocking right, have a tank where everything within is self-reproducing. Combining the two is harder. Probably the cheapest thing to do would be to do the following.
1. Get a very large tank (200 gallons?).
2. Buy the most powerful lights feasible
3. Introduce plants to the tank. Make sure that you don't clean the plants as they are introduced, in order to allow the widest selection of pests to come into the tank.
4. If you don't have them already, introduce snails to the tank, including ramshorns, malaysian trumpets, and possibly one of the more plant-friendly apple snail species.
5. Introduce a hardy freshwater shrimp species that will reproduce in captivity. I would suggest cherry shrimp.
6. Time to introduce a fish! It's up to you what makes the most sense. Personally I'd try endlers, as they are small, drop fry all the time, can graze on algae, and don't eat their own young.
7. If the enders take off, you could try an apex predator. I'd suggest an Apstogramma pair. You almost certainly will have to remove the young however.