A sump is a second tank plumbed into your main aquarium. The tank has many functions:
1) adds additional water volume
2) provides a place to keep equipment out of sight from the main aquarium
3) can be constructed to house a 'refugium', a safehaven for plants or animals that either might be harmed or eaten in the main aquarium or that provide a help but may cause mayhem in the main tank.
HTH SH