Most slim type goldfish like commons, comets and shubunkins are pure coldwater fsih, while the fancy types are sub tropical.
Putting fish into the wrong temps will shorten their life spans and make them much more prone to illness and desease.
As others have said, goldfish will eat other fish that fit into their mouths, however its usually only the faster slim type goldfish that can actually catch other fish to eat. Most fancy goldfish are just don't have enough agility or speed, but that doesn't mean they wouldn't say no to such opportunities.
Coldwater goldfish which are kept in tropical or sub tropical temps are very difficult to acclimatise into ponds at times, firstly because of the temp shock, but also because the warmer temps prevent the goldfish from putting on the body fats that would otherwise get them through the cold winter.
Oxygen disolves less at warmer temps, which is another reason why coldwater and sub tropical goldfish don't live out their natural life expectancies in tanks which are too warm for them- all goldfish are decended from the same carp type ancestor, which thrives best in cool but highly oxygenated waters.
Fancy goldfish need around a 30gal tank for a pair, with 10gals for every fancy goldie after that, but slim bodied goldfish like comet and common goldfish are a lot more active and grow a lot larger goldfish and need something like at least 75gals just for a pair.
With the slim coat thing, i think somebody must have got confused. I suspect that notion came about from that the fact that goldfish are often fed as feeder fish to tropical predatory fish (this is basically because they are cheap and mass produced easy to get hold of fish).
There is no bennefet in feeding goldfish to tropical predatory fish whatsoever- goldfish have big, thick hard to digest scales, are very fatty/oily fish and also have thick slime coats. I'm sure there are some other issues with them, but thats what i can remember from the top of my head for now.
Feeding goldfish to tropical predatory fish is like me feeding you a fat soaked burger which hard to digest bony bits in it every day of your life- you may be able to survive off it for a while, but eventually the unhealthy diet will have bad consequences on your health (these vary from fish to fish a bit though, but is generally bad news).
So a lot of predatory fish keepers are opting for more healthy feeder fish now days like guppys which are low fat, less boney, have softer and smaller scales and are generally less slimey fish to feed their predatory fish on.