You can put plastic braces around the bottom - that's very common. There's also this great thread on monster fish keepers worth reading: https://www.monsterfishkeepers.com/forums/threads/glass-thickness-guide.139898/
A 10 gallon tank can do with any of the Aqueon filters. Amazon has Aqueon power filters that can get to you by Friday. Otherwise go to a local Petco or Petsmart and see if you can get a power filter for a 20 gal. aquarium.
@Colin_T gave a way better reply than I ever could have, but make sure your tank water is clean, make sure that you're feeding them enough and often enough, and remember that any batch of fry would have a few runts.
Enjoy the Dwarf buffers, but keep in mind that they can be quite hard to feed.
https://meethepet.com/dwarf-puffer-fish-carinotetraodon-travancoricus/
They don't do great on flakes or granulas.
That's a great looking aquarium!
It definitely does seem like some of those plants don't have enough life. Generally it's not recommended because of algae blooms, but if you don't want to add a light above it, I'd recommend putting it near a window or a room where it can get some natural light.