the only filter material you replace is the carbon (black granulated stuff). This should be replaced once a month for normal carbon, and every two months if activated carbon is used.
If you use medicatio0ns or plant fertilisers then remove the carbon and throw it away.
The other filter materials should be rinsed out in a bucket of tank water about once a month. If you need to do it more often then you need more filtration or less fish and food in the tank.
Most filter materials will last for years and only need replacing when they start to fall apart.